It usually is not one big failure. Performance debt builds from many small choices stacking up over time.
After launch you add more widgets, more dependencies, more data, and more scripts. The original assumptions stop holding.
Hydration, heavy libraries, state sprawl, and interactive wrappers make the browser do too much work before the app feels ready.
Sequential requests, duplicate fetching, and oversized payloads delay the moment users see meaningful content.
First isolate where slowness actually happens, then identify the heaviest recurring pattern: JS, data, assets, state, or APIs.
If your app is live and speed is already hurting UX, read the full article or see the Next.js performance service.